If you've
decided to sell your home, chances are you're caught
up in a
host of emotions. You may be looking forward to moving
up to a new dream house or facing the uncertainty of
a major move across country. You may be reluctant to
leave your memories behind or eager to start new adventures.
Whatever turbulent feelings you're experiencing right
now, there are plenty of practical matters that need
your attention. Keep in mind the following considerations
to help the whole process go more smoothly.
Time Becomes Money
Its
a good idea to place your home on the market as far
in advance as possible of purchasing a new one. If you
find a new home first and then try to sell your present
home, you may wind up with two mortgages. If this does
happen, ask your real estate agent or banker about a
bridge loan to help you make the double payments. Lenders
use the same criteria for offering bridge loans as they
use for mortgages. Should you qualify for a bridge loan,
beware of the expense; during the term of the loan you
must continue to pay both mortgages. Shop around for
the best terms.
Keep
in mind that when people move, sell and buy, there usually
is a domino effect. Closing and moving dates have to
be coordinated, and the more firmly everyone commits
to a window of dates and sticks to them, the better
for all involved. Put all agreements about dates in
writing, and protect yourself by negotiating financial
penalties for failure to comply.
Check Your Curb Appeal
A
home that's visually appealing and in good condition
will attract potential buyers driving down the street.
Use this checklist to view your property through an
outsider's eyes.
- Are
the lawn and shrubs well maintained?
- Are
there cracks in the foundation or walkways?
- Does
the driveway need resurfacing?
- Are
the gutters, chimney and walls in good condition?
- Do
the window casings, shutters, siding or doors need
painting?
- Are
garbage and debris stored out of sight?
- Are
lawn mowers and hoses properly stored?
- Is
the garage door closed?
On the Inside
Strong
curb appeal will lure potential buyers inside, where
you have to live up to their expectations. Fortunately,
there are plenty of easy improvements you can make to
your home's interior without spending a lot of money.
Cleaning is No. 1. Your windows, floors and bathroom
tiles should sparkle. Make sure you have clean heating
and air conditioning
filters. Shampoo dirty carpets, clean tubs and showers,
repair dripping faucets and oil squeaky doors. Keep
your home neat, clean and picked-up at all times. It
may not seem fair, but a peek in the oven may be the
hallmark by which a buyer judges how well you have kept
up your home.
Remove
unnecessary clutter from the garage, basement, attic
and closets. Also remove any items that might make a
statement that would be offensive to others who may
not share your same views, beliefs or sense of humor.
If your home is crowded with too much furniture, consider
putting some things into storage. If a room needs a
fresh coat of paint, use a neutral off-white. Think,
too, about how your home smells. You may be used to
the smell of a pet or cigarettes, but such odors can
be a strong turn-off to others. Be certain to remove
valuables such as jewelry and other items from view.
It might be wise to put these items in a safe deposit
box before showing your home. Finally, set a mood for
the buyer. Make your house homey with live flowers and
fresh guest towels in the bathroom. Place scented potpourri
around the house or, on the day you're expecting a potential
buyer, pop a batch of frozen cinnamon rolls into the
oven for a welcoming aroma.
Remember,
cosmetic changes do not have to be expensive. In fact,
costly home improvements do not necessarily offer a
good return on your investment when you sell. It's attention
to the basics -- anything that says "this home
has been carefully maintained" -- that will help
you get the price you want.
Go It Alone--or Choose an Agent?
Some
homeowners decide to sell their homes themselves in
order to save the commission charged by a real estate
agent. The commission rate may vary, depending on where
you live or what agency you choose, but it is generally
upwards of 5%. However, handling your own sale means
you will be responsible for placing ads, answering phones
and showing your home to strangers. What's more, buyers
who know you are saving on an agent's commission may
offer less for your home, wiping out the financial incentive
to do it all yourself.
You may
decide an agent's commission is a bargain the first
time that a would-be buyer shows up unannounced at dinnertime.
Also, be aware that a real estate agent probably knows
a lot more about the business of selling a home than
you do. Here are some of the advantages professional
agents offer:
- They
will help you establish a fair asking price for your
home.
- They
will promote your home to other agents and list your
property in multiple listing services. A multiple
listing service is a book or computer database that
all real estate agents who subscribe to the service
can access. Your home will get exposure to all those
agents, one of whom may have the perfect buyer.
- They
will create, pay for and place advertising for you.
- They
will schedule appointments to show your home to prospective
buyers even when you are not there.
- They
can weed out buyers who will not qualify for a mortgage.
- They
can refer you to sources for insurance, inspections,
legal counsel and financing.
- They
will help you negotiate with the buyer.
If
you decide to sell through an agent, ask friends and
neighbors for recommendations. Talk to several agents
before picking the one you want to work with. Taking
a walk through your home with an agent should give you
a feel for how that person will handle prospective buyers.
Ask prospective agents how they plan to market your
home. Don't sign with an agent just because he or she
suggests the highest asking price. Negotiate the broker's
commission prior to listing your home, and sign for
a limited period of time -- usually three to six months.
Setting a Fair Price
Naturally,
you want to get top dollar for your home. But, at the
same time, you don't want to scare off potential buyers
with a price tag that's too high. Setting an artificially
high price may cause your property to languish on the
market for months. Reducing your asking price later
on may lead buyers to wonder if there is something wrong
with your home. Here are some of the factors to consider
in pricing your home.
- Your
location
- Economic
conditions
- Supply
and demand in the local housing market
- Seasonal
influences
- Local
schools
- Average
home prices in the neighborhood
- Your
home's extras -- pool, fireplace, central air, etc.
To
determine the value of your home, you probably will
want the advice of a real estate agent or appraiser.
Ask an agent to prepare a market analysis for you, showing
the recent selling prices of three neighborhood properties
comparable to your own. The agent can help you adjust
for the unique features of your own property.
Qualifying a Buyer
Either
you or your agent will want to quickly weed out potential
buyers who cannot really afford to purchase your home.
A number of factors will help determine whether or not
you are wasting your time negotiating a sale.
- The
buyer's debt and credit history
- The
buyer's current income and employment
- The
buyer's cash position and availability of a down payment
- The
length of time the buyer needs before closing on your
home
- How
interested the buyer appears to be in your home versus
others
Seek Agent Representation
When
selling your home -- particularly if you are selling
your own -- it's a good idea to be represented by
an agent. Look for an agent with expertise in
real estate transactions. When a potential buyer puts
an offer in writing and you accept it, the signed acceptance
becomes the sales contract. Your agent will be present
at the actual closing to protect your interests and
can assist you with the following elements of a sales
contract:
- The
sale price
- What
is included in the sale price -- draperies, carpeting,
light fixtures, heating oil, etc.
- The
amount of the down payment
- The
date of settlement and possession date
- Contingencies
to the sale--inspections (e.g. structural, lead-based
paint, radon), required improvements, legal review
of the contract by the buyer's or seller's attorney,
etc.
- The
amount and length of the mortgage loan, interest rate
and time limits to secure the loan
- Determining
which closing costs are to be paid by the buyer and
which by the seller
Tax Implications
Selling
a home can have a major impact on your federal and state
tax returns. Check with your tax consultant on the factors
that may affect taxes resulting from the sale of your
home. For example:
- Whether
you purchased the home or acquired it by gift or inheritance
- Whether
you used your home partly for business or rental
- Costs
associated with selling your home
- Home
improvements or additions, which may help to offset
capital gains
- The
sale of your home. In certain cases you can exclude
up to $250,000 in gain ($500,000 for married couples
filing a joint return) on the sale of property that
was your principle residence for at least two years.
Generally, you can use this exclusion every two years.
Map
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